Healthy Aging: The Promise and Potential of CBD

CBD's ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, regulate the microbiome activate autophagy can slow aging, protect against disease and help your patients live longer, happier lives.

Staggering advances in medicine and health care over the last century have significantly longer life expectancy, with estimates projecting the average American will live beyond 80 years old by 2050. But lifespan doesn't necessarily equal healthspan, and an aging population is increasingly susceptible to common, and often-debilitating, diseases. As researchers seek ways to slow aging, studies suggest CBD could reduce the risk of age-related illness, extend longevity and improve quality of life and healthspan.^{1, 2, 3, 4}

CBD's Anti-Aging Mechanisms.

New research is identifying some of CBD's mechanisms of action and how they affect the aging process, longevity and disease prevention. How CBD influences central hallmarks of aging:

1. Reducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a widely accepted theory of aging, and numerous studies link oxidative damage with shorter lifespan and greater incidence of age-related disease. Emerging evidence confirms CBD's ability to protect against oxidative stress both directly and indirectly. Its antioxidant capacity is shown to be more powerful than that of vitamins E and C, and in research, CBD treatment resulted in a significant reduction of ROS in neuronal and other types of cells. CBD also appears to impact NRF2 activity, ameliorate dysfunctional mitochondria and enhance antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and support healthy cellular aging.^{16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24}

2. Modulating inflammation. Inflammaging—chronic, low-grade inflammation that develops during the aging process—is associated with the onset of a wide range of age-related diseases and functional decline. CBD's ability to mitigate inflammation may translate to slowing inflammageing and improving healthspan and longevity. CBD interacts with the ECS—involved in regulating inflammation—influencing CB1, CB2 and additional receptors. CBD has been shown to impact the NF-κB signaling pathway, considered a critical component of aging, suppressing the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Research demonstrates the ability of CBD to modulate neuronal and other forms of inflammation, and one study found its anti-inflammatory effects were similar to dexamethasone.^{25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33}  

3. Regulating the microbiome. Gut microbiome disturbances are implicated in a variety of age-associated changes and greater risk of disease. New studies have identified notable changes in the gut microbiome with age, including decreased diversity of species and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Combined with age-related loss of structural integrity of the gut, microbial dysbiosis is thought to be a significant contributor to inflammageing. At the appropriate dose, CBD's ability to modify the gut microbiota helps prevent dysbiosis, promote a healthy microbiome and reduce inflammation. Low doses of CBD may act as a probiotic, and certain gut bacteria metabolize CBD into 7-hydroxy-CBD, an anti-inflammatory compound. Dosage is important: some research suggests high doses of CBD can disrupt the microbiome and affect intestinal permeability, so it's essential for patients to work with a skilled practitioner to determine optimal dosage based on individual needs.^{34, 35, 36, 37, 28, 29, 40, 41, 42}

4. Activating autophagy. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular health, regulating various hallmarks of aging and influencing DNA repair, nutrient sensing and cellular senescence. The efficiency of autophagy diminishes with age, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders and immunosenescence. Compromised autophagy is linked with shorter lifespan, and animal models have found activating autophagy can slow aging, reverse age-associated decline, and increase longevity. CBD has been shown to induce autophagy through multiple pathways including SIRT1, ERK1/2 activation, AKT suppression and interacting with CB1 receptors, and research suggests CBD may impede neuronal aging and extend longevity.^{43, 44, 45, 46,47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53} 

CBD and Age-Related Diseases.

A growing body of research highlights the potential value of CBD for preventing or delaying the onset of specific diseases and conditions associated with age. Some key findings:

• Cognitive health and neurodegenerative disorders. Through various mechanisms of action, CBD is a promising option for supporting brain health, preserving cognitive function and lessening the risk of neurodegenerative disease. In animal models, CBD reduced Aβ plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, improving spatial learning and memory, and preventing long-term cognitive impairment. CBD may also protect against Parkinson's disease, and in animal models, CBD ameliorated cognitive and behavioral disorders and extended lifespan. Additionally, CBD appears to promote neurogenesis, particularly in the hippocampus, and enhance connectivity, associated with better cognitive performance. In one study of human volunteers, CBD increased connectivity in brain regions involved in motor control, reward, and decision-making. Another study found a single dose of CBD improved verbal episodic memory.^{54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67}  

•  Cardiovascular health and hypertension. New research focusing on the cardiovascular system as a therapeutic target suggests CBD may regulate blood pressure, alleviate chronic inflammation and protect against vascular damage characteristic of heart disease. CBD's vasodilatory properties have been validated in animal models and human arteries, with studies showing a single dose of CBD decreased blood pressure in healthy volunteers under stress conditions. In animal models, CBD demonstrated benefits for  pulmonary arterial hypertension and in hypertensive hearts, reduced vasoconstriction of coronary arteries and diminished the width of cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle. In other research, CBD improved blood glucose, insulin and lipid profiles.^{68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75}

•  Cancer. Given its ability to activate autophagy and modulate inflammation, CBD is now recognized as a potential therapy for cancer treatment. CBD exerts antitumor effects through multiple mechanisms, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, suppressing angiogenesis and preventing metastasis, and studies suggest CBD may suppress tumor growth and increase survival. In breast cancer cells, CBD demonstrates tumor-suppressing activity, reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines known to contribute to tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. Additional research shows CBD alleviates cancer-related symptoms and side effects from treatment and improve quality of life.^{76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89}

•  Diabetes. Several studies point to CBD's ability to minimize the risk of diabetes and manage complications. In animal models, CBD significantly reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and decreased the incidence of diabetes. Other research demonstrates its ability to regulate blood glucose, lipids and liver function; mitigate high-glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, eliminate ROS formation, protect against the adverse effects of high-glucose conditions and improve endothelial function. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may prevent blood-retinal barrier breakdown and neural cell death in the retina, suggesting a therapeutic role for CBD in diabetic retinopathy.^{90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95}

•  Arthritis and pain. Inflammation is closely tied to pain and arthritis, and CBD has been shown to inhibit acute inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis. In patients with various forms of arthritis, CBD improved pain, physical function and sleep, reporting an overall 44 percent reduction in pain after CBD use and a decrease or cessation of anti-inflammatory medications. Besides arthritis, CBD's analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties alleviate other kinds of pain. One study of patients suffering from chronic pain found CBD lessened pain, increased activity and enjoyment, and significantly reduced opioid use. Along with these age-related diseases, CBD may also benefit sleep, depression, and anxiety, enhance quality of life and promote healthy, vital aging.^{96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106} 

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